A deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone. Thus, deoxyribonucleases are one type of nuclease. A wide variety of deoxyribonucleases are known, which differ in their substrate specificities, chemical mechanisms, and biological functions.
There are various types of deoxyribonucleases, but they all have in common the cleavage of the phosphate bond of the bases that make up the DNA backbone. Exodeoxyribonucleases cleave DNA from the end of the chain of bases that make up a DNA molecule and travel inwards. These act on single-stranded DNA and are non-specific. Endonucleases cleave DNA within the chain. Some are very specific and require certain base sequences to act, while others do not discriminate and will cleave anywhere.
The two main types of DNase found in metazoans are known as deoxyribonuclease I and deoxyribonuclease II.
Other types of DNase include Micrococcal nuclease.
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