Description of PPAHV

Item name: PPAHV
CAS NO: 175796-50-6
Molecular formula: C39H44O11
Molecular weight: 688.77
Product description: PPAHV is soluble in DMSO and in ethanol and Non-pungent resiniferatoxin-type phorboid vanilloid. Agonist at rat TRPV1 (EC50 between 3 and 10?M) but virtually inactive at human TRPV1 (EC50>10?M). Induces apoptosis through a TRPV-independent mechanism. Tumor promotor.

Mutation of methionine  547 in S4 of rat TRPV1 to leucine, found in human TRPV1 (M547L), reduced the ability of PPAHV to activate TRPV1 by approximately 20 fold. The reciprocal mutation of human TRPV1 (L547M) enabled the human receptor to respond to PPAHV. These mutations did not significantly affect the agonist activity of capsaicin, resiniferatoxin (RTX) or olvanil in [Ca2+]i assays. Introducing the equivalent mutation into guinea pig TRPV1 (L549M) increased the agonist potency of PPAHV by > 10 fold in the [Ca2+]i assay and increased the amplitude of the evoked current.  The rat M547L mutation reduced the affinity of RTX binding. Determinants of capsazepine  and PPAHV function in TRPV1.
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Basic Description of N-[2-(5-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)Ethyl]-5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenamide

Item name: N-[2-(5-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide
CAS NO,: 187947-37-1

Molecular Formula: C30H42N2O2

Molecular Weight: 462.32

Description of N-[2-(5-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)Ethyl]-5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenamide: Dual fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor/TRPV1 antagonist (IC 50 values are 5.6 μ M and 37-40 nM for FAAH and TRPV1 respectively). Inactive at cPLA 2 , CB 1 or 5-HT receptors. Displays strong analgesic activity against both acute and chronic peripheral pain.

N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate is less potent and shorter acting than 3-quinuclidyl benzilate, but like 3-QNB its effects on the central nervous system predominate over peripheral effects. It produces deliriant and hallucinogenic effects similar to those of plants such as datura and may be used recreationally at low doses, however unpleasant side effects such as dysphoria, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and extreme dry mouth tend to make abuse of these kind of drugs uncommon. Both the N-methyl and N-ethyl analogues of 3-piperidyl benzilate are however Schedule I controlled drugs.


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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase's Clinical Significance

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD or G6PDH) is a cytosolic enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image), a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells (such as erythrocytes) by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The NADPH in turn maintains the level of glutathione in these cells that helps protect the red blood cells against oxidative damage. Of greater quantitative importance is the production of NADPH for tissues actively engaged in biosynthesis of fatty acids and/or isoprenoids, such as the liver, mammary glands, adipose tissue, and the adrenal glands.

G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. Many variants of G6PD, mostly produced from missense mutations, have been described with wide ranging levels of enzyme activity and associated clinical symptoms. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is very common worldwide, and causes acute hemolytic anemia in the presence of simple infection, ingestion of fava beans, or reaction with certain medicines, antibiotics, antipyretics, and antimalarials.

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A Study of Pyronaridine tetra-Phosphate

Pyronaridine tetra-phosphate is a common antimalarial agent that has been found to enhance the antitumor activity of doxorubicin against multidrug-resistant cancers K562/A02 and MCF-7/ADR. Pyronaridine is an antimalarial drug. It was first synthesized in 1970 and has been in clinical use in China since the 1980s. A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry or ecology. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. At elevated temperatures in the solid state, phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates.

The  study was  part  of  the  clical trials  involving  184 symptomatic, malaria-infected African  patients  (96  adults and 88 children between 5 and  15 years of age) in Yaoundé, Camer~on.~.~  Patients were  treated with either 25 mgkg of chloroquine phosphate (n = 93;  10 mgkg on days O  and  1 and  5 mgkg on day 2)  or 32 mgkg of  pyronaridine tetra- phosphate (n = 91; 16 mgkg on day O  in two divided doses and  8 mgkg on days  1 and 2) after informed consent was obtained  from the patients or their guardians. The study was approved by  the  Cameroonian National Ethics Committee. Giemsa-stained thick blood smear was examined  for the de- tection and quantification of  gametocytes. The clinical conditions and  asexual parasitemia were monitored on days O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 on an out-patient basis. Because of  the
slower developmental  rate of gametocytes  (8-10  days), compared with  the 48-hr cycle of  P. falciparum  asexual erythrocytic forms:  gametocyte count was monitored on days O, 3, 7, and 14. Gametocytes were counted against 3,000 white blood  cells,  and  gametocyte density was  determined from the white blood cell count and expressed as the number of gametocyfes/pl of blood.

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Methylenedioxypyrovalerone's Appearance

Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a psychoactive drug with stimulant properties which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). First developed in 1969, it remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004 when it was reportedly sold as a designer drug. It is also known as MDPK, MTV, Magic, Maddie, Black Rob, Super Coke, PV and Peeve. Products labeled as "bath salts" containing MDPV are sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores, similar to the marketing for Spice and K2 as incense.

Incidents of psychological and physical harm have been attributed to MDPV use.

Methylenedioxypyrovalerone exists as a very fine, hygroscopic, crystalline powder that tends to clump to itself, resembling something like powdered sugar. Its color can range from pure white to a yellowish-tan and has a slight odor that strengthens as it colors. Impurities are likely to consist of either pyrrolidine or alpha-dibrominated alkylphenones from either excess pyrrolidine or incomplete amination, respectively, during synthesis. These impurities likely account for its discoloration and fishy (pyrrolidine) or bromine-like odor, which worsens upon exposure to air, moisture, or bases.

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Basic Introduction of d-α-Tocopherol Acid Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate

alpha-Tocopherol is the main source found in supplements and in the European diet, where the main dietary sources are olive and sunflower oils, while gamma-tocopherol is the most common form in the American diet due to a higher intake of soybean and corn oil.,

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine. The structure of PEG is (note the repeated element in parentheses):
 HO-CH2-(CH2-O-CH2-)n-CH2-OH
PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight, and under the tradename Carbowax.

D-α-tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol1000 succinate (TPGS) is a light yellow to yellow waxy solid with the physiological activity and stability of natural vitamin E fuction, and a unique role in requlating immune function and anti-cancer. Nowadays, it's being widely used as the raw materials of drugs, healthy food, drug prevention and treatment. This Product should be preserved in tightly closed containers protected from light, heat, and air.
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Applications of Esametilentetrammina

Hexamethylenetetramine (Esametilentetrammina) is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula (CH2)6N4. This white crystalline compound is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It has a cage-like structure similar to adamantane. It is useful in the synthesis of other chemical compounds, e.g. plastics, pharmaceuticals, rubber additives. It sublimes in a vacuum at 280 °C.

Hexamethylenetetramine was discovered by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1859.

The main use of hexamethylenetetramine is in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic resins and phenolic resin moulding compounds, where it is added as a hardening component. These products are used as binders, e.g. in brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, non-woven textiles, formed parts produced by moulding processes, and fireproof materials.

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Details of Anti-DCP

Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), also known as protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), is an abnormal form of the coagulation protein, prothrombin. Normally, the prothrombin precursor undergoes post-translational carboxylation (addition of a carboxylic acid group) by gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in the liver prior to secretion into plasma. DCP/PIVKA-II may be detected in people with deficiency of vitamin K (due to poor nutrition or malabsorption) and in those taking warfarin or other medication that inhibits the action of vitamin K.

Dcp1a is necessary for the degradation of mRNAs, both in normal mRNA turnover and in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Removes the 7-methyl guanine cap structure from mRNA molecules, yielding a 5'-phosphorylated mRNA fragment and 7m-GDP. Contributes to the transactivation of target genes after stimulation by TGFB1. Dcp1a binds DCP1B, DCP2, RENT1 and SMAD4 and forms part of a cytoplasmic complex containing proteins involved in mRNA decay, including XRN1 and LSM1. Store at -20℃ for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20℃. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody, the antibody is stable for at least six weeks at 2-4 ℃. Anti-DCP as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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Structural Studies of Creatininase

Creatininase is a member of the urease-related amidohydrolases, the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is creatinine amidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called creatinine hydrolase. This enzyme participates in arginine and proline metabolism.

Creatininase from Pseudomonas putida has a core structure consisting of 3-layers, alpha/beta/alpha.

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1J2T, 1J2U, 1Q3K, and 1V7Z.
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An Introduction of ChitoClear

ChitoClear chtiosan is proven to be the purest chitosan possible. Odorless, colorless and tasteless, ChitoClear is free of allergens, viruses and other contaminants. The combination of quality raw materials from untainted waters and a unique processing technology allows Primex to produce the purest and most effective chitosan on the market today.

ChitoClear is a positively charged compound, it is able to attract and bind to fatty acids which are negative charge. ChitoClear can absorb up to 4-6 times its weight in fat including LDL cholesterol and prevent that fat from being absorbed into the body.

The positive charge of the ChitoClear molecules attracts negatively charged red blood cells, making an efficient hemostatic agent.

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Difinition of Isoliquiritigenin

Isoliquiritigenin is a licorice chalconoid, a type of natural phenols. It is currently under experimentation phase testing for use as a cancer treatment as well as an aide for cocaine addiction. Isoliquiritigenin is a sirtuin-activating compound.

Item Name: Isoliquiritigenin
Alias: ​​2 ', 4,4'-Trihydroxychalcone
Molecular formula: C15H12O4
Molecular weight: 256.25338
C, A, S: 961-29-5
Chemical classification: flavonoids flavonoids
Source: Caryophyllaceae plant Dianthus D. chinensis, L. dried aerial parts
Specification: > 98%
Traits: Yellow powder

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Effect of Ruscogenin on TNF-α–Induced mRNA

Item name: Ruscogenin
CAS NO,: 472-11-7
Molecular Formula: C27H42O4
Formula Weight: 430.62
Item description: Ruscogenin is often used in the local treatment of haemorrhoids. It is given as rectal ointment or suppositories. And this product is belongs to 17 Gastrointestinal drugs and 17.3 Antihemorrhoidals.

Effect of ruscogenin on TNF-α–induced mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in ECV304 cells. As shown in Fig. 3 (A and B), ICAM-1 mRNA was strongly up-regulated after TNF-α incubation (compare lanes 1 and 2 of) and was inhibited by ruscogenin at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μM in a concentration-dependent manner (compare lanes 2 to 5 of Fig. 3A). The positive drug, dexamethasone also showed signifi-
cant inhibition at 1 μM (compare lanes 2 and 6 of). Such results were confirmed by real-time PCR. Effects of ruscogenin (RUS) on zymosan A–induced peritoneal leukocytes migration (A) and PGE2 content of peritoneal fluid in mice (B). RUS (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (DEX) (3 mg/kg) were administered orally 1 h before injection of zymosan A. PGE2 content was expressed as the absorbance at
278 nm. Each value represents the mean ± S.D. of 8 mice. **P<0.01,significantly different from the control group.
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Gallic Acid's Uses

Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, a type of organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The chemical formula is C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallic acid is found both free and as part of tannins.

Gallic acid is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. It is used as a standard for determining the phenol content of various analytes by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay; results are reported in gallic acid equivalents. Gallic acid can also be used as a starting material in the synthesis of the psychedelic alkaloid mescaline.

Gallic acid was one of the substances used by Angelo Mai (1782–1854) among other early investigators of palimpsests to clear the top layer of text off and reveal hidden manuscripts underneath. Mai was the first to employ it, but did so "with a heavy hand", often damaging manuscripts for future study.[citation

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A Simple Introduction of Hb A1C Elisa Kit

Hb A1C Elisa Kit allows for the specific measurement of mouse HbA1c concentrations in serum and plasma. Hemoglobin, the compound in the red blood cells that transports oxygen. Hemoglobin occurs in several variants; the one which composes about 90% of the total is known as hemoglobin A. A1c is a specific subtype of hemoglobin A.

Hb A1C Elisa Kit is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative measurement of HbA1C in human plasma.

Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, A1C, or Hb1c; sometimes also HbA1c) is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. It is formed in a non-enzymatic glycation pathway by hemoglobin's exposure to plasma glucose. Normal levels of glucose produce a normal amount of glycated hemoglobin. As the average amount of plasma glucose increases, the fraction of glycated hemoglobin increases in a predictable way. This serves as a marker for average blood glucose levels over the previous months prior to the measurement.

The 2010 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes added the A1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥6.5%) as another criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes.

In diabetes mellitus, higher amounts of glycated hemoglobin, indicating poorer control of blood glucose levels, have been associated with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Monitoring the HbA1c in type-1 diabetic patients may improve treatment.

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Simple Information of Melatonin Sulfate ELISA Kit

MelatoninSulfate ELISA kit is shipped at ambient temperature and should be stored at 2-8C. Keep away from heat or direct sun light. The storage and stability of specimen and prepared reagents is stated in the corresponding chapters. The microtiter strips are stable up to the expiry date of the kit in the broken, but tightly closed bag when stored at 2-8C.

Item Name: Melatonin Sulfate ELISA Kit

Detection methods: ELISA

Detection type: sandwich ELISA immune

Measuring range: see instructions sensitivity: see instruction

Detection of the target: human / animal

Detection time: hours

Sample forms: serum / plasma / cell culture supernatant / preservation and transport of other biological fluids (Please ask): Short-term 4 ° C / long-term stored at -20 ℃

Range of Applications of Melatonin Sulfate ELISA Kit: research with the detection reagent

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Something About 5-oxo-Rosuastatin

Item name:5-oxo-Rosuastatin

Molecular Formula: C22H26FN3O6S
Formula Weight: 479.52
Item Description: 5-oxo-Rosuastatin is pale yellow solid and it is soluble in chloroform and methanol and it is Heterocycles, Intermediates, Pharmaceuticals, Intermediates & Fine Chemicals, Sulfur & Selenium Compounds.

Rosuvastatin (marketed by AstraZeneca as Crestor & marketed by Abbott Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. in India as 'R2') is a member of the drug class of statins, used to treat high cholesterol and related conditions, and to prevent cardiovascular disease. It was developed by Shionogi.

The primary uses of rosuvastatin is for the treatment of dyslipidemia. It is recommended to be used only after other measures such as diet, exercise, and weight reduction have not improved cholesterol levels.
Rosuvastatin has structural similarities with most other synthetic statins, e.g., atorvastatin, cerivastatin, pitavastatin, but rosuvastatin unusually also contains sulfur.

Crestor is actually rosuvastatin calcium, in which calcium replaces the H in the carboxylic acid group on the right of the 2 structure diagrams.

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Explanation of Clavulanate Potassium

Clavulanic acid (rINN)  is a mechanism-based β-lactamase inhibitor (marketed by GlaxoSmithKline, formerly Beecham) combined with penicillin group antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. It is used to overcome resistance in bacteria that secrete β-lactamase, which otherwise inactivates most penicillins.

Clavulanate potassium is a form of clavulanic acid, which is similar to penicillin. Clavulanate potassium fights bacteria that is often resistant to penicillins and other antibiotics.

The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium is used to treat many different infections caused by bacteria, such as sinusitis, pneumonia, ear infections, bronchitis, urinary tract infections, and infections of the skin. Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
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A Simple Introduction of Original Opana

Oxymorphone (Opana, Numorphan, Numorphone) or 14-Hydroxydihydromorphinone is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid analgesic first developed in Germany in 1914, patented in the USA by Endo Pharmaceuticals in 1955 and introduced to the United States market in January 1959 and other countries around the same time. It (along with hydromorphone) was designed to have less incidence of side effects than morphine and heroin. It was a success as it differs from morphine and heroin in its effects in that it generates less euphoria, sedation, itching and other histamine effects at equianalgesic doses. This also means a lower dependence liability.

Oxymorphone is administered as its hydrochloride salt via injection, or suppository; typically in dosages of 1 mg (injected) to 5 mg (suppository). Endo has been the major distributor of oxymorphone throughout the world and currently markets oxymorphone in the United States and elsewhere as Opana and Opana ER.

Opana is used in the treatment of pain; labor pain and belongs to the drug class narcotic analgesics. Risk cannot be ruled out during pregnancy. Opana 10 mg has a high potential for abuse. The drug has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the drug may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. See also related documents.
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Simple Information of Rat C-Peptide Elisa kit

Rat C-peptide is a polypeptide molecule comprising 31 amino acid residues with molecular mass of  about  3.2  kDa. C-peptide is originated  from proinsulin, which is synthesized in the β-cells of the Islets of Langerhans and cleaved enzymatically  releasing insulin and C-peptide. Proinsulin  is cleaved by  two Ca-dependent en-dopeptidases  (prohormone  convertases)  PC2 and PC3. Endopeptidase PC2  (type  II) cleaves at the A/C chain junction of proinsulin (between amino acid residues 65 and 66) and PC3.

Rat C-Peptide Elisa kit is for research use only. Do not administer it to human and it should be kept at 2-10 degrees C. On the surface of the microplate wells, goat anti rabbit IgG is coated and when sample is reacted with rabbit and InsC-Peptide and biotinylated rat InsC-peptide in the well, the goat antibody captures the complex of the rabbit antibody and rat Ins C-peptide formed in competitive reaction. Subsequentreaction with horseradish peroxides (HRP)-conjugated Streptzvidin to the complex on the well surface results in labeling of the complex with HRP which generates the signal for the presence of rat InsC-peptide in the sample.

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A Statement of GIP ELISA Kit

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is a member of the secretin family of hormones. GIP, along with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), belongs to a class of molecules referred to as incretins.

GIP ELISA Kit allows for the specific measurement of mouse GIP (glucose-dependent insulintropic polypeptide) concentrations in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. This assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. A monoclonal antibody specific for GIP has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any GIP present is bound by the immobilized antibody. An enzyme-linked monoclonal antibody specific for GIP is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of GIP bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

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