Introduction of Ytterbium Fluoride

Ytterbium(III) fluoride (YbF3) is an inorganic chemical compound. Ytterbium fluoride, produces low-index film layers with extremely durable mechanical properties that exhibit good transparency in the UV through infrared (14 µm ) regions. The films are insoluble and show low stress, making compounds of Ytterbium Fluoride suitable for AR coatings in the 8 to 14 µm region, including high power CO2 laser coatings.

YbF3 and BaSO4 nanoparticles were incorporated into the powder component of Riva SC (SDI Ltd., Bayswater, Australia) at 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 25% by weight. Capsules were assembled at a powder:liquid ratio of 2.9:1, activated and mixed, and the resultant pastes evaluated for working time, initial setting time, 24-h surface hardness and 24-h compressive strength.
Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, or last element in the f-block, which is the basis of the relative stability of the +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds. In an aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble lutetium compounds form a complex with nine water molecules.

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Yttrium Oxide's Uses in Materials Science

Yttrium oxide, also known as yttria, is Y2O3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. Yttrium oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science as well as inorganic compounds.

It is the most important yttrium compound and is widely used to make Eu:YVO4 and Eu:Y2O3 phosphors that give the red color in color TV picture tubes. Yttrium oxide is also used to make yttrium iron garnets, which are very effective microwave filters.

Y2O3 is used to make the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, known as "1-2-3" to indicate the ratio of the metal constituents:
2 Y2O3 + 8 BaO + 12 CuO + O2 → 4 YBa2Cu3O7
This synthesis is typically conducted at 800 °C.

The thermal conductivity of yttrium oxide is 27 W/(m·K).[2
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Basic Introduction of Ytterbium(III) Oxide

Ytterbium(III) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Yb2O3. It is one of the more commonly encountered compounds of ytterbium. It has the "rare-earth C-type sesquioxide" structure which is related to the fluorite structure with one quarter of the anions removed, leading to ytterbium atoms in two different six coordinate (non-octahedral) environments.

Item name: Ytterbium(III) oxide

CAS: 1314-37-0
Molecular formula: Yb2O3
Molecular Weight: 394.08 g/mol
Description: Ytterbium(III) oxide is a chemical compound. It is one of the more commonly encountered compounds of ytterbium. It can be used in colorant for glasses, enamels, dopant for garnet crystals in lasers and optical fibers.

Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, or last element in the f-block, which is the basis of the relative stability of the +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds. In an aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble lutetium compounds form a complex with nine water molecules.

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Nickel(II) Oxide's Production

Nickel(II) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO. It is notable as being the only well characterized oxide of nickel (although nickel(III) oxide, Ni2O3 and NiO2 have been claimed[1]). The mineralogical form of NiO, bunsenite, is very rare. It is classified as a basic metal oxide. Several million kilograms are produced in varying quality annually, mainly as an intermediate in the production of nickel alloys.

NiO can be prepared by multiple methods. Upon heating above 400 °C, nickel powder reacts with oxygen to give NiO. In some commercial processes, green nickel oxide is made by heating a mixture of nickel powder and water at 1000 °C, the rate for this reaction can be increased by the addition of NiO. The simplest and most successful method of preparation is through pyrolysis of a nickel(II) compounds such as the hydroxide, nitrate, and carbonate, which yield a light green powder. Synthesis from the elements by heating the metal in oxygen can yield grey to black powders which indicates nonstoichiometry.

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The Structure of Gadolinium(III) Oxide

Gadolinium oxide (archaically gadolinia) is a inorganic compound with the formula Gd2O3. It is one of the most commonly available forms of the rare earth element gadolinium, derivatives of which are potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.

Gadolinium oxide has two most common structures: monoclinic (Pearson symbol mS30, space group C2/m, No. 12) and cubic (cI80, Ia3, No. 206). The cubic structure is similar to that of manganese(III) oxide, which, as a mineral, is also called bixbyite (then with a minor iron(III) content). There are two types of gadolinium sites in the cubic structure, both with a coordination number of 6 but with different geometry of the surrounding oxygen atoms. At room temperature, the cubic structure is the most stable and a phase change to the monoclinic structure takes place at 1200 °C. From 2100 °C and up to the melting point at 2420 °C, a hexagonal phase dominates.

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Yttrium(III) Fluoride's Synthesis

Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. Its only stable isotope, 89Y, is also its only naturally occurring isotope.

Yttrium(III) fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula YF3. It is not known naturally in 'pure' form. The fluoride minerals containing essential yttrium include tveitite-(Y) (Y,Na)6Ca6Ca6F42 and gagarinite-(Y) NaCaY(F,Cl)6. Sometimes mineral fluorite contains admixtures of yttrium.

YF3 can be produced by reacting fluorine with yttria or yttrium hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid.
Y(OH)3 + 3HF → YF3 + 3H2O
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