Detailed Information of 1,2-Propanediol

From apps.kemi.se:

In mixtures with water the freezing point is lowered significantly and at the same time the boiling point increases. The properties are similar to 1,2-ethanediol but it is less toxic. The name glycol derives from glycos, which is the name for dextrose. This is because the taste of glycol is sweet.

1,2-propanediol is manufactured by addition of water to propene oxide at high temperature (up to 200oC) and pressure. In the process, mono- di- and tripropylene glycols are formed, which are separated by high vacuum distillation.

1,2-propanediol is mainly used for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. Some 340 000 tonnes were produced in the USA  in 1990. In Sweden there is no production of 1,2-propanediol. In Sweden, 1,2-propanediol is mainly used as an industrial solvent and as an antifreeze.
In cleaning agents, paint and surfactants 1,2-propanediol is used as a solvent as it is soluble in both water and organic materials.

The hygroscopic properties are utilized in food as a humectant and preservative. 1,2-propanediol is an approved additive in foods and is used in i.e. bakery goods. In cosmetics, the softening and humectant properties are utilized. 1,2-propanediol is used as a solvent in pharmaceutical preparations containing some water-soluble ingredients. The substance is used as a plasticizer in materials that come into contact with food and as a lubricant for food machinery.
Aqueous solutions of 1,2-propanediol have excellent antifreezing properties. A solution with 50% 1,2-propanediol has for example a freezing point of minus 33oC. 1,2-propanediol is also used for de-icing of aircrafts.
1,2-propanediol is a substitute for 1,2-ethanediol as a non-freezing solution for cars due to its less dangerous properties for health.

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