Detailed Introduction of Cholic Acid

Cholic acid is a steroid, is the most abundant in the four major human bile acid derived from it Glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid in human bile acids. Hepatic secretion of bile salts in bile (bile acid sodium salt) is a powerful emulsifier. Bile flows through the upper small intestine, bile salts emulsify fat, to help their digestion and absorption. After the lower part of the absorption of the emulsified fat droplets of fatty acids and glycerides by the small intestine, bile salt reabsorption. Them back to the liver and re-use, and bile salt total circulation between the liver and small intestine. Bile salts are not only fats, the absorption of all fat-soluble nutrients, particularly important. When suffering from some disease the generation or secretion of bile salts in the feces undigested and unabsorbed fat. At this point, the fat-soluble vitamins A and D and E, K, can not be completely absorbed, can lead to lack of vitamin A nutrition.

Cholic acid synthesis by the liver with the bile into the duodenum, as one of the integral part of the digestive juices can promote digestion and absorption of lipids. When the pyloric dysfunction, Cholic acids, anti-flow to the stomach, together with gastric acid caused damage to the gastric mucosa and cause stomach pain and other symptoms, so acid is one of the gastric mucosal injury caused by chemical factors. Cholic acid is commonly used in clinical hydrotalcite addition can neutralize stomach acid, but also with the bile acid combination, thereby reducing damage to the gastric mucosa, inflammation of the elimination and healing of ulcers. Many stomach pain patients after drug treatment, stomach pain symptoms in the short term have been alleviated, however, damage the mucosal repair, take some time, such as most of the ulcer healing takes 4-6 weeks of regular treatment, which means that symptoms continuation of medication to eliminate is not equal to the lesions subside, given a certain time is necessary. At the same time the reasons for bile reflux treatment. During treatment, one should also quit smoking, alcohol, avoid coffee, tea, spicy food and on gastric mucosal injury drug use, daily diet should be the law, to avoid excessive stress and fatigue for a few associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients advocate to give the appropriate medication.

Bile salts is a fat emulsifier, to help the hydrolysis and absorption of fat in the intestine. Certain cholic acids as well as antispasmodic, stomach, reducing the role of the cholesteric blood alcohol content.

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Simple Statement of Kollidon 17PF

Influence of the concentration of Kollidon 17 PF, Kollidon 25 and Kollidon 30 on their intrinsic viscosities. A further method of determining the intrinsic viscosity from a single measurement is to calculate it from the K-value. The values obtained with this equation at different concentrations of Kollidon 17 PF, Kollidon 25 and Kollidon 30 largely agree with those in Fig. 11

Item name:Kollidon 17PF

Specification:50kg
Item Application:Kollidon 17PF is low molecular weight (W7 ,000-11, 000), non-heat products. Kollidon 17PF is Primarily used as a thickening agent, dispersing agent, freeze-dried agent.It is used in injections and ophthalmic preparations..

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Properties of R7333 Matting Agent for Hybrid Powder Coatings

Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. The main difference between a conventional liquid paint and a powder coating is that the powder coating does not require a solvent to keep the binder and filler parts in a liquid suspension form. The coating is typically applied electrostatically and is then cured under heat to allow it to flow and form a "skin". The powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermoset polymer. It is usually used to create a hard finish that is tougher than conventional paint. Powder coating is mainly used for coating of metals, such as "whiteware," aluminium extrusions, and automobile and bicycle parts. Newer technologies allow other materials, such as MDF (medium-density fibreboard), to be powder coated using different methods. R7333 is used in the production of gloss reduced powder coatings of all ratios of hybrid system. Gloss level ranging from 15-80% may easily be formulated by the use of P7333. Coatings used with R7333 are characterized by color and gloss stability under over-bake conditions.

Properties of R7333 Matting Agent for Hybrid Powder Coatings:
1. Appearance: yellowish powder
2. Sieving analysis: Min. 95.0% passing 53 um
3. Usage: ~12 PHR ( Part per hundred resin)
4. Cure schedule: 200℃ x 14 Min. (Metal Temperature)


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Human Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin's Preparation

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human), Nabi-HB, is a sterile solution of immunoglobulin (5 ± 1% protein)containing antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs).  It is prepared from plasma donated by individuals with high titers of anti-HBs.  The plasma is processed using a modified Cohn 6 / Oncley 9 cold-alcohol fractionation process1,2 with two added viral reduction steps described below. Nabi-HB is formulated in 0.042-0.108 M sodium chloride, 0.10-0.20 M glycine, and 0.005-0.050% polysorbate 80, at pH 5.8-6.5.  The product is supplied as a nonturbid sterile liquid in single dose vials and appears as clear to opalescent.  It contains no preservative and is intended for single use by the intramuscular route only.

Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is a human immune globulin that is used to prevent the development of hepatitis B.

HBIG is prepared from the plasma of donors who have high antibody levels of the hepatitis B surface antigen. It is extracted from the Cohn Fraction II. During the process, viruses are deactivated, and in the final steps, solvents used in the preparation are removed. The preparation is tested for absence of HIV, HCV, herpes virus, and reovirus.


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A Little Information of (s)-N-Fmoc-5,5,5,5, 5, 5-Hexafluoro Leucine

Product name: (s)-N-Fmoc-5,5,5,5 ′ , 5 ′ , 5 ′ -Hexafluoro leucine

Molecular Formula:C21H17F6NO4

Molecular Weight: 461.35 g/mol

Description:The specification is 1g or 5g.
Leucine (abbreviated as Leu or L) is a branched-chain α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH(CH3)2. Leucine is classified as a hydrophobic amino acid due to its aliphatic isobutyl side chain. It is encoded by six codons (UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG) and is a major component of the subunits in ferritin, astacin and other 'buffer' proteins. Leucine is an essential amino acid.

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Properties of 2-(4-Nitrophenyl Azo)Cromotropic Acid Disodium Salt

Item name:2-(4-Nitrophenylazo)chromotropic acid disodium saltCAS:548-80-1
Molecular Formula:C16H9N3Na2O10S2
Formula Weight:513.37
Properties of 2-(4-Nitrophenyl Azo)Cromotropic Acid Disodium Salt:
Melting point:300 °C
Chemical property:dark green to dark purple crystalline powder
Use:Be a analytical determination for boric acid and borate.
Storage: Kept away from flammables area.

Chromotropic acid has the formula is (HO)2C10H4(SO3H)2.
It can be used for as a reagent in the quantitative determination of the systemic herbicide, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
The usefulness of this reagent in quantitative determination is the formation of a red colouration (peaking at 580 nm wavelength) when chromotropic acid in 75% sulfuric acid reacts with formaldehyde. The colouration is specific to this aldehyde and is not produced from other organic species such as ketones and carboxylic acids.


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Sunitinib's Mechanism of Action

Sunitinib (marketed as Sutent by Pfizer, and previously known as SU11248) is an oral, small-molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that was approved by the FDA for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) on January 26, 2006. Sunitinib was the first cancer drug simultaneously approved for two different indications.

Sunitinib inhibits cellular signaling by targeting multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).

These include all receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-Rs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), which play a role in both tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. The simultaneous inhibition of these targets therefore leads to both reduced tumor vascularization and cancer cell death, and ultimately tumor shrinkage.

Sunitinib also inhibits KIT (CD117), the RTK that (when improperly activated by mutation) drives the majority of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors. It has been recommended as a second-line therapy for patients whose tumors develop mutations in KIT that make them resistant to imatinib, or who become intolerant to the drug.

In addition, sunitinib inhibits other RTKs. These include:

RET

CSF-1R

flt3

The fact that sunitinib targets many different receptors, leads to many of its side effects such as the classic hand-foot syndrome, stomatitis, and other dermatologic toxicities.

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A Simple introduction of Hesperetin

Item name:Hesperetin

CAS:520-33-2
Molecular Formula:C16H14O6
Formula Weight:          302.28
Hesperetin is a bioflavonoid and, to be more specific, a flavanone. Hesperidin (a flavonone glycoside) is water-soluble due to the presence of the sugar part in its structure, so on ingestion it releases its aglycone, i.e, hesperetin.
Hesperidin is found in Citrus fruits.

Hesperetin induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner and reduced achaete-scute complex-like 1 and chromogranin A expression, with a concomitant rise in Notch1 levels. It also induced Notch1 messenger ribonucleic acid, indicating regulation at the transcriptional level.

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Production of Fetal Bovine Serum, FBS

Fetal Bovine serum is a by-product of the meat industry. Fetal bovine serum, as with the vast majority of animal serum used in cell culture, is produced from blood collected at commercial slaughterhouses from cattle bred to supply meat destined for human consumption.

The first stage of the production process for fetal bovine serum is the harvesting of blood from the bovine fetus. The blood is collected aseptically into a sterile container or blood bag and then allowed to clot. The normal method of collection is cardiac puncture, where they take a needle and insert in between the ribcage into the heart. This minimizes "the danger of serum contamination with micro-organisms from the fetus itself, and the environment".  It is then centrifuged to remove the fibrin clot and the remaining blood cells from the clear yellow (straw) colored serum. The serum is frozen prior to further processing that is necessary to make it suitable for cell culture.

The second stage of processing involves filtration, typically with a sterile 0.1 micrometre membrane filter. When processed by a reputable commercial serum supplier, the sterilized fetal bovine serum is subjected to stringent quality control testing and is supplied with a detailed Certificate of Analysis. The certificate gives full test results and information concerning the origin of the serum. Certificates of Analysis vary between commercial suppliers, but each usually includes the following details: filtration statement, country of origin, cell growth performance testing, microbial sterility testing, screening for mycoplasma and virus, endotoxin, haemoglobin, IgG and total protein assays.

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A Basic Explanation of Zirconia Ceramic

Zirconia ceramic is white, including impurity yellow or gray, typically contains HfO2, is not easy to separate. Under ordinary conditions of pure ZrO2 there are three crystal. Zirconia ceramics production request preparation high purity and good performance, scattered particle super fine narrow particle size distribution, the powder, zirconium oxide superfine powder preparation method are many, the purification of zirconium oxide mainly chlorinated and thermal decomposition method, alkali metal oxidative decomposition method, lime melting method, plasma arc method, precipitation, colloid method, hydrolysis method, spray pyrolysis, etc.

Zirconia ceramic has high toughness, high bending strength and high abrasion resistance, excellent insulation properties, thermal expansion coefficient close to steel, so it is widely used in the field of structural ceramics, such as Y-TZP ball, dispersion and grinding media, nozzles, valve ball seat, etc. Zirconia ceramic with a high-temperature performance, is used as the induction heating pipe, refractory, heating elements. Zirconia ceramic is with sensitive electrical performance parameters, mainly used in oxygen sensors, solid oxide fuel cells (SolidO xideFu elCe ll, SO FC) and high-temperature heating body and other fields.

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What Is Europium?

Item name:Europium

Element Symbol:Eu

Category:Metal europium, europium telluride, europium oxide, europium nitrate, europium ingots, europium rods, europium belt, europium powder, europium article, europium chloride, europium acetate, europium hydroxide.

Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, but the oxidation state +2 is also common: all europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role and is relatively non-toxic compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds.

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A Detailed Introduction of Samarium

Samarium is a chemical element with the symbol Sm, atomic number 62 and atomic weight 150.36. It is a moderately hard silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Compounds of samarium(II) are also known, most notably monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe, as well as samarium(II) iodide. The last compound is a common reducing agent in chemical synthesis. Samarium has no significant biological role and is only slightly toxic.

Samarium was discovered in 1879 by the French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran and named after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. The mineral itself was earlier named after a Russian mine official, Colonel Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets, who thereby became the first person to have a chemical element named after him, albeit indirectly. Although classified as a rare earth element, samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is more common than such metals as tin. Samarium occurs with concentration up to 2.8% in several minerals including cerite, gadolinite, samarskite, monazite and bastnäsite, the last two being the most common commercial sources of the element. These minerals are mostly found in China, the USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka and Australia; China is by far the world leader in samarium mining and production.

The major commercial application of samarium is in samarium-cobalt magnets which have permanent magnetization second only to neodymium magnets; however, samarium compounds can withstand significantly higher temperatures, above 700 °C, without losing their magnetic properties. Radioactive isotope samarium-153 is the major component of the drug samarium (153Sm) lexidronam (Quadramet) which kills cancer cells in the treatment of lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Another isotope, samarium-149, is a strong neutron absorber and is therefore added to the control rods of nuclear reactors. It is also formed as a decay product during the reactor operation and is one of the important factors considered in the reactor design and operation. Other applications of samarium include catalysis of chemical reactions, radioactive dating and an X-ray laser.

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The Tolerance and Withdrawal of Clonazepam

Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine drug having anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic properties. It is marketed by Roche under the trade name Klonopin in the United States and Rivotril in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico and Europe. Other names such as Ravotril, Rivatril, Clonex, Paxam, or Kriadex are known throughout the rest of the world. Clonazepam has an unusually long elimination half-life of 18–50 hours, making it generally considered to be among the long-acting benzodiazepines. Clonazepam is a chlorinated derivative of nitrazepam and therefore a chloro-nitrobenzodiazepine.

Like all benzodiazepines, clonazepam is a benzodiazepine receptor agonist. One third of individuals treated with benzodiazepines for longer than four weeks develop a dependence on the drug and experience a withdrawal syndrome upon dose reduction. High dosage and long term use increases the risk and severity of dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal seizures and psychosis can occur in severe cases of withdrawal and anxiety and insomnia in less severe cases of withdrawal. Gradual reduction in dosage reduces the severity of the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Due to the risks of tolerance and withdrawal seizures clonazepam is generally not recommended for the long-term management of epilepsies. Increasing the dose can overcome the effects of tolerance but tolerance to the higher dose may occur and adverse effects may increase. The mechanism of tolerance includes receptor desensitisation, down regulation, receptor uncoupling and alterations in subunit composition and alterations in gene transcription coding.

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Information About Thymosin β4 Acetate

Item Name:      Thymosin β4 Acetate

Molecular Formula:    C212H350N56O78S

CAS No.:      75591-33-4（net）

Description of Thymosin β4 Acetate:

Purity (HPLC): 95%min.

Appearance White powder

Single Impurity (HPLC) 2.0%max

Amino Acid Composition   ±10% of theoretical

Peptide Content              (N%)≥80.0%

Water Content(Karl Fischer)    ≤5.0%

Acetate Content (HPIC)         ≤15.0%

MS(ESI)              Consistent

Mass Balance         95.0~105.0%

Thymosins are small proteins present in many animal tissues. They are named thymosins because they were originally isolated from the thymus, but most are now known to be present in many other tissues. Thymosins have diverse biological activities, and two in particular, thymosins α1 and β4, have potentially important uses in medicine, some of which have already progressed from the laboratory to the clinic. In relation to diseases, thymosins have been categorized as biological response modifiers.

The archetypical β-thymosin is β4 (product in humans of the TMSB4X gene), which is a major cellular constituent in many tissues. Its intracellular concentration may reach as high as 0.5 mM.[ Following Thymosin α1, β4 was the second of the biologically active peptides from Thymosin Fraction 5 to be completely sequenced and synthesized.

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The Uses of Licorice Extract

Item name: Licorice extract

Specification: Glabridin, Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate

Detection method: HPLC

Botanical Name: Glycyrrhiza glabra

Licorice extract has been used medicinally for highly effective coughs and as a mild laxative. It promotes the ejection of mucus or exudate from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea; sometimes extended to antitussives. Glycyrrhetinic acid has corticosteroid-like structure, thus is useful as an anti-inflammatory and co-emulsifier to treat skin disorders and in cosmetics.

The uses of licorice extract are many. It is most commonly used in candy making, but is also used in the treatments of conditions such as sore throats, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and skin diseases such as psoriasis. It also is used in nonfood and nonmedicinal ways. For example, it is one of the foaming agents in fire extinguishers.

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A Brief Introduction of Animal Ethyl Oleate

Animal ethyl oleate is a light yellow liquid with the acid value 1mgKOH/g(MAX).And the saponification value is 175-189mgKOH/g ,the iodine value is 70-82gI2/104g(MAX).This product is used in food,perfume and cosmetics oil solution.
Ethyl oleate is a fatty acid ester formed by the condensation of oleic acid and ethanol. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid. Ethyl oleate is produced by the body during ethanol intoxication.

Ethyl oleate is used as a solvent for pharmaceutical drug preparations involving lipophilic substances such as steroids. It also finds use as a lubricant and a plasticizer.
Ethyl oleate is regulated as a food additive by the Food and Drug Administration under "Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption", 21CFR172.515.
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Cadmium Sulfide’s Use As Pigment

Cadmium sulfide occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite, but is more prevalent as an impurity substituent in the similarly structured zinc ores sphalerite and wurtzite, which are the major economic sources of cadmium. As a compound that is easy to isolate and purify, it is the principal source of cadmium for all commercial applications.

Cadmium sulfide(CdS )is known as cadmium yellow (CI pigment yellow 37). By adding varying amounts of selenium as selenide, it is possible to obtain a range of colors, for example CI pigment orange 20 and CI pigment red 108.

Synthetic cadmium pigments based on cadmium sulfide are valued for their good thermal stability, light and weather fastness, chemical resistance and high opacity. The general commercial availability of cadmium sulfide from the 1840s led to its adoption by artists, notably Van Gogh, Monet (in his London series and other works) and Matisse (Bathers by a river 1916–1919). The presence of cadmium in paints has been used to detect forgeries in paintings alleged to have been produced prior to the 19th century. CdS is used as pigment in plastics.

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A Simple Introduction of Α2-HS-glycoprotein ELISA Kit

Alpha2-HS glycoprotein, a glycoprotein present in the serum, is synthesized by hepatocytes. Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) also known as fetuin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHSG gene. Fetuin-A belongs to the fetuin class of plasma binding proteins and is more abundant in fetal than adult blood.
Item name:α2-hsglycoprotein ELISA  Kit
Specification:96Test
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) also known as fetuin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHSG gene. Fetuin-A belongs to the fetuin class of plasma binding proteins and is more abundant in fetal than adult blood. Fetuins like histidine-rich glycoprotein and kininogens are secreted (so-called type 3) cystatins.

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Main Applications of Butyl Propionate

Butyl propionate, which is also called n - propionate, (C7H12O2). Its relative molecular weight is 128.17, and its structure is H2C = CHCOOCH2CH2CH2CH3. It is acryloyl compound.

Butyl propionate is mainly used as intermediates in organic synthesis, adhesives, emulsifiers, and coatings. Acid and its esters are widely used in industry. During use, it often aggregates into the acrylic polymer or copolymer. Butyl acrylate (methyl, ethyl, 2 - ethylhexyl ester) is a soft monomer, with a variety of hard monomers such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and functional monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylamide and its derivatives, copolymerization, crosslinking, grafting, etc., made ​​200-700 a variety of acrylic resin products (emulsion, solvent-and water-soluble type). Butyl propionate is widely used as coatings, adhesives, acrylic fiber modification, plastic modification, fiber and fabric processing, paper processing agents, leather processing and acrylic rubber and many other aspects.

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A Little Information of Lead-based Alloy

An alloy is a mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or more phases that may or may not be homogeneous in distribution, depending on thermal (heat treatment) history. Alloys usually have different properties from those of the component elements. Alloy constituents are usually measured by mass. Alloys are usually classified as substitutional or interstitial alloys, depending on the atomic arrangement that forms the alloy. They can be further classified as homogeneous, consisting of a single phase, heterogeneous, consisting of two or more phases, or intermetallic, where there is no distinct boundary between phases.

Lead-based alloy is mainly used for free maintenance sealed battery plate bar alloy, zinc electrolysis anode.
Lead, Antimony, is tin lead-based bearing alloy, copper alloy, its hardness is moderate, running good, the friction coefficient is slightly larger, but toughness is very low. Back, which applies to the casting by the earthquake is smaller, the load lighter or slowerbearing.

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Types of Whey Powder

Whey powder is the solid concentration of a substance called whey. It is available in the form of white-creamy powder. This is manufactured by drying the liquid concentrate of de-mineralized whey. It is hugely preferred by food industry for its high nutritional value.

The raw liquid whey is composed of 94 percent water in addition to lactose, proteins (primarily globulins and lactalbumins) and various vitamins and minerals. From this liquid, whey powder is made by drying out most of the water from this substance.
1. Sweet whey powder is the dried byproduct of the rennet enzyme produced from cheeses such as cheddar, mozzarella and Swiss.
2. Acid whey powder is the dried out byproduct of cheese produced by acid coagulation, such as in cottage and ricotta cheeses.

3. Delactosed whey powder is a result of further extraction of lactose from the raw liquid whey as part of an additional filtering process.


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Ammonium Bifluoride's Production and Applications

Ammonium bifluoride has been considered as an intermediate in the production of hydrofluoric acid from hexafluorosilicic acid. Thus, hexafluorosilicic acid is hydrolyzed to give ammonium fluoride. Ammonium bifluoride is a component of some etchants. It attacks silica component of glass:

SiO2 + 4 [NH4][HF2] → SiF4 + 4 [NH4]F + 2 H2O
Potassium bifluoride is a related more commonly used etchant.

Ammonium bifluoride has been considered as an intermediate in the production of hydrofluoric acid from hexafluorosilicic acid. Thus, hexafluorosilicic acid is hydrolyzed to give ammonium fluoride, which thermally decomposes to give the bifluoride:

H2SiF6 + 6 NH3 + 2 H2O → SiO2 + 6 NH4F
2 NH4F → NH3 + [NH4]HF2
The resulting ammonium bifluoride is converted to the sodium bifluoride, which thermally decomposes to release HF.
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How to Identify Pig Bile Powders?

Pig bile powder is a dry product of Suidae animals pig bile. It is a yellow, greyish yellow powder. Gas micro-fishy, bitter taste, easily absorbing moisture.

The ways to identify pig bile powder:

According to thin-layer chromatography (Appendix VI B) experiment, to learn [determination of] under the test solution and hyodeoxycholic acid reference solution 2μl, respectively, point to the same silica gel G plate, with a new preparationisooctane - ether - acetic acid - butanol - water (10:5:5:3:1), the upper solution for the agent, started out, dry, spray with 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol at 105 ° Cheated to spot the color is clear, respectively, set the daylight and UV light (365nm) to view. Test products for chromatography, corresponding to the reference standard chromatographic position, was the same color spots or fluorescent spots.

Pig bile powder's administration and dosage is 0.3 0.6g, orally taken. Put some powder of this water and water on the affected part.
Storage: sealed, stored in cool and dry place.


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Uses of Kollidon 25

The Kollidon products consist of soluble and insoluble grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of various molecular weights and particle sizes. It is used as dry binders for tablets, capsules and granules, film-formers, stabilizers in oral suspensions, dispersants for pigments, enzyme stabilisiers and bioavailablility improvers. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)(Kollidon), also commonly called Polyvidone or Povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.

Product name:Kollidon 25
Specification:50kg
Kollidon 25 's main application is as binder in granules and tablets. It also improves the bioavailability of some hardly soluble actives. It meets the requirements of the current harmonised monographs for povidone in Ph. Eur., USP/NF and JP.
Kollidon 25 and Kollidon 30, for instance, always have a slight amine orammonia odour, as ammonia is used for neutralisation.All the soluble grades of Kollidon give aqueous solutions with very little taste.

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A simple Introduction of R7380 Matting Agent for Hybrid Powder Coatings

The powder coating because the coating curing contraction rarely, the use of traditional granular silica is difficult to extinction, even if the particle size is coarse matting agent, and can only reach half light. To get a lower sheen, can be completed by adding gel method silica and a special mixed resin. Select the matting agent is to make the film surface micro-roughness, and not affect the appearance of the coating and membrane mechanical properties. Gel method silica matting agent is a simple, efficient, cost-effective matting agent, as an important coating additives, the coating presents a unique luster. The right to choose the matting agent is the key to the production of matt coatings. 

R7380 is used in the production of gloss reduced powder coatings of all ratios of hybrid system. Gloss level ranging from 8-80% may easily be formulated by the use of P7380. Coatings used with R7380 are characterized by color and gloss stability under over-bake conditions.
Matting agent is a polyacrylate resin with an epoxy, is the kind of outdoor powder coatings extinction resin, the effect of extinction, to 1-60% of any gloss, suitable for gloss in 1-30% of the outdoor type the extinction of the pure polyester powder.


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What Is Human Immunoglobulin (pH4) for Intravenous Injection?

Human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection is isolated from normal human plasma by low temperature ethanol extract immune globulin combination of refined through deep processing and virus inactivation steps. It is a complete, has not been modified natural lgG antibodies, up to 98% purity, free of preservatives and antibiotics, specifically for intravenous infusion, compared with intramuscular injection of C-globulin have a role to play fast and significant effect advantages. Human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection is a liquid preparation containing human immunoglobulins made from normal human plasma by cold ethanol fractionation method and 5% iso-osmotic glucose including two steps of viral inactivation by pasteurization and low PH method.

Components of human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection is made by the hepatitis B vaccination of healthy human plasma through low temperature ethanol extraction, precipitation and then processed to remove the anti-complement activity, and release by the Pap inactivated virus and low PH hatch madedesigned for intravenous infusion of normal immunoglobulin liquid preparation


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Knowledge About 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol

Product name:1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropand

CAS:920-66-1
Molecular Formula:C3H2F6O
Molecular Weight: 168.04g/mol
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol is a type of colorless liquid with its meling point of  −4 °C(lit.) and boiling point of 59 °C(lit.) .It is soluble in water.It is corrosive too.It is stable but incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, alkali metals.The specification is 1g or 5g.It can be used for esterification reagents, strength solvent of peptides and peptides intermediate.This product should be stored at room temperature.
Hexafluoroisopropanol, commonly abbreviated HFIP, is the organic compound with the formula (CF3)2CHOH. This fluorinated alcohol finds use as solvent and synthetic intermediate. It appears as a colorless, volatile liquid that is characterized by a strong, pungent odor. As a solvent hexafluoro-2-propanol is polar and exhibits strong hydrogen bonding properties enabling it to dissolve substances that serve as hydrogen-bond acceptors, such as amides and ethers. Hexafluoro-2-propanol is transparent to UV light with high density, low viscosity and low refractive index.
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Specifications of 1,3-Dibromo-5-(Trifluoromethoxy)Benzene

Item name:1,3-Dibromo-5-(trifluoromethoxy)benzeneCAS:207226-31-1
Molecular Formula:C7H3Br2F3O
Formula Weight:319.9
Specifications of 1,3-Dibromo-5-(Trifluoromethoxy)Benzene:
Boiling point:83-85 °C20 mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point:>230 °F
Density:1.96g/cm3
refractive index :n20/D 1.508(lit.)
Use:Used as an intermediate in the organic synthesis.
Storage:Kept away from flammables area.

Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil, and is one of the most basic petrochemicals. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the second [n]-annulene (-annulene), a cyclic hydrocarbon with a continuous pi bond. It is sometimes abbreviated Ph–H. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell. It is mainly used as a precursor to heavy chemicals, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, which are produced on a billion kilogram scale. Because it has a high octane number, it is an important component of gasoline, comprising a few percent. Its carcinogenicity has limited most non-industrial applications.


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A Brief Introduction of 19-Norethindrone Acetate

19-Norethindrone acetate is a type of white or almost white crystalline powder.19-Norethindrone acetate is progesterone drugs for irregular menstruation, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis and so on.

Product name:19-Norethindrone acetate
CAS:51-98-9
Molecular Formula:C22H28O3

Molecular Weight: 340.46g/mol

Specification:CP2000/USP
Norethisterone (or norethindrone) (or 19-nor-17α-ethynyltestosterone) is a molecule used in some combined oral contraceptive pills, progestogen only pills and is also available as a stand-alone drug. It is a progestogen and can be used to treat premenstrual syndrome, painful periods, abnormal heavy bleeding, irregular periods, menopausal syndrome (in combination with oestrogen), or to postpone a period. It is also commonly used to help prevent uterine hemorrhage in complicated non-surgical or pre-surgical gynecologic cases. Norethindrone was the first orally highly active progestin to be synthesized. It was synthesized for the first time by chemists Luis Miramontes, Carl Djerassi, and George Rosenkranz at Syntex in Mexico City in 1951. It was the progestin used in one of the first two oral contraceptives. It is often used as the related ester, norethisterone acetate.


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The Chemistry of Progesterone

Progesterone also known as P4 (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestogens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestogen.

Progesterone was independently discovered by four research groups.
Willard Myron Allen co-discovered progesterone with his anatomy professor George Washington Corner at the University of Rochester Medical School in 1933. Allen first determined its melting point, molecular weight, and partial molecular structure. He also gave it the name Progesterone derived from Progestational Steroidal ketone.
Like other steroids, progesterone consists of four interconnected cyclic hydrocarbons. Progesterone contains ketone and oxygenated functional groups, as well as two methyl branches. Like all steroid hormones, it is hydrophobic.

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A Little Introduction of N-BOC-1,5-diaminopentane

Cadaverine, which is also kown as  1,5-diaminopentane, is a foul-smelling compound produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. Cadaverine is a toxic diamine with the formula NH2(CH2)5NH2, which is similar to putrescine. Cadaverine is also known by the names 1,5-pentanediamine and pentamethylenediamine.

Product name:N-BOC-1,5-diaminopentane:

CAS:         51644-96-3
Molecular Formula:C10H22N2O2
Formula Weight:202.29
Description of N-BOC-1,5-diaminopentane:
Density:0.965 g/cm3
Boiling Point:309.2 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:140.8 °C
Refractive index:20/D 1.460
Use:Serve as intermediates of medicine.
Storage:2-8°C

Molecular Formula  C5H14N2
Molecular Weight  102.18
CAS Registry Number  462-94-2
EINECS  207-329-0
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The History of Praseodymium

From Wikipedia:

In 1839 Mosander extracted an oxide he called "lantana" (see lanthana), which was the oxide of the newly discovered element lanthanum, from a mixture of crude cerium nitrate. In 1841, Mosander went on to show that "lantana" was the most strongly basic of a mixture of rare earth element oxides and was the last to be precipitated from acid solution when base was added, or the first to be dissolved when the mixed oxides were leached with dilute acid. The remaining less-basic rare earth(s) retained the pinkish color, and Mosander called this remaining fraction "didymium." In 1874, Per Teodor Cleve concluded that didymium was in fact two elements, and in 1879, Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated a new earth, samarium, from "didymium" obtained from the mineral samarskite. Crude didymium actually contained three elements, and in 1885, the Austrian chemist baron Carl Auer von Welsbach separated didymium into two elements, praseodymium and neodymium, which gave salts of different colors.

The name praseodymium comes from the Greek prasios (πράσιος), meaning green, and didymos (δίδυμος), twin. Praseodymium is frequently misspelled as praseodynium.
Leo Moser (son of Ludwig Moser, founder of the Moser Glassworks in what is now Karlovy Vary, Bohemia, in the Czech Republic, not to be confused with Leo Moser, a mathematician) investigated the use of praseodymium in glass coloration in the late 1920s. The result was a yellow-green glass given the name "Prasemit". However, a similar color could be achieved with colorants costing only a minute fraction of what praseodymium cost in the late 1920s, such that the color was not popular, few pieces were made, and examples are now extremely rare. Moser also blended praseodymium with neodymium to produce "Heliolite" glass ("Heliolit" in German), which was more widely accepted. The first enduring commercial use of purified praseodymium, which continues today, is in the form of a yellow-orange stain for ceramics, "Praseodymium Yellow", which is a solid-solution of praseodymium in the zirconium silicate (zircon) lattice. This stain has no hint of green in it. By contrast, at sufficiently high loadings, praseodymium glass is distinctly green, rather than pure yellow.
Using classical separation methods, praseodymium was always difficult to purify. Much less abundant than the lanthanum and neodymium from which it was being separated (cerium having long since been removed by redox chemistry), praseodymium ended up being dispersed among a large number of fractions, and the resulting yields of purified material were low. Praseodymium has historically been a rare earth whose supply has exceeded demand. This has occasionally led to its being offered more cheaply than the far more abundant neodymium. Unwanted as such, much praseodymium has been marketed as a mixture with lanthanum and cerium, or "LCP" for the first letters of each of the constituents, for use in replacing the traditional lanthanide mixtures that were inexpensively made from monazite or bastnäsite. LCP is what remains of such mixtures, after the desirable neodymium, and all the heavier, rarer and more valuable lanthanides have been removed, by solvent extraction. However, as technology progresses, it has been found that praseodymium can be incorporated into neodymium-iron-boron magnets, thereby extending the supply of the much in demand neodymium[citation needed]. So LC is starting to replace LCP as a result.
In the 1930's it was found (Beck) that praseodymium dioxide could be precipitated from KOH/NaOH eutectic melts, by oxidation by electrochemistry, or by sodium chlorate. This formed the basis of a small-scale laboratory purification method.

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An Introduction of Albumin Bovine

Product Name: Albumin Bovine 
Characters:Frozen dried
Storage:below 4 degree
Bovine serum albumin (also known as BSA or "Fraction V") is a serum albumin protein derived from cows. It is often used as a protein concentration standard.

The nickname "Fraction V" refers to albumin being the fifth fraction of the original Edwin Cohn purification methodology that made use of differential solubility characteristics of plasma proteins. By manipulating solvent concentrations, pH, salt levels, and temperature, Cohn was able to pull out successive "fractions" of blood plasma. The process was first commercialized with human albumin for medical use and later adopted for production of BSA.

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The Ways to Produce Special Ceramic

Special Ceramics also known as fine ceramics,generally can be divided into high-intensity, high-temperature ceramic composite structure and Electronic Functional Ceramics.It usually has one or more functions, such as electricity, magnetism, light, heat, sound, chemical, biological, and the coupling functions, such as piezoelectric, thermoelectric, electro-optic, acousto-optic, magneto-optical. The special ceramic forming method there are a variety of production should be based on the shape of the products forming method, different forming methods should be chosen binder. Common ceramic forming methods, binder type and amount of as follows:

Special ceramics forming binder type and amount:
1. Forming binders for example <; binder dosage (mass%)
2. Thousand-pressure polyvinyl butyral, 1-5
3. Casting method propylene-based resin 1 to 3
4. Extrusion method methyl cellulose and other 5 to 15
4. Injection of polypropylene and other 10 to 25
5. Isostatic pressing method ammonium polycarboxylate 0 to 3

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Cerium's Physical Properties

Cerium is a silvery metal, belonging to the lanthanide group. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. Cerium has the third-longest liquid range of any element: 2648 C° (795 °C to 3443 °C) or 4766 F° (1463 °F to 6229 °F). (Only thorium and neptunium have longer liquid ranges.)

Cerium is especially interesting because of its variable electronic structure. The energy of the inner 4f level is nearly the same as that of the outer or valence electrons, and only small energy is required to change the relative occupancy of these electronic levels. This gives rise to dual valency states. For example, a volume change of about 10% occurs when cerium is subjected to high pressures or low temperatures. It appears that the valence changes from about 3 to 4 when it is cooled or compressed. The low temperature behavior of cerium is complex. Four allotropic modifications are thought to exist: cerium at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure is known as γ-cerium. Upon cooling to –16 °C, γ-cerium changes to β-cerium. The remaining γ-cerium starts to change to α-cerium when cooled to –172 °C, and the transformation is complete at –269 °C. α-cerium has a density of 8.16; δ-cerium exists above 726 °C. At atmospheric pressure, liquid cerium is more dense than its solid form at the melting point.

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Pharmacology of Medazepam

Medazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.

It is known by the following brand names: Nobrium, Rudotel, Raporan, Ansilan Medazepam is a long acting benzodiazepine drug. The half-life of medazepam is 36 – 200 hours.

Benzodiazepine drugs including medazepam increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex by allosteric modulation of the GABA receptor. Benzodiazepines may also act via micromolar benzodiazepine binding sites as Ca2+ channel blockers and significantly inhibited depolarization-sensitive calcium uptake in experiments with cell components from rat brains. This has been conjectured as a mechanism for high dose effects against seizures in a study. It has major active benzodiazepine metabolites which gives it a more prolonged therapeutic effects after administration.


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Simple Information About Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate

Product Name:  Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate

Molecular Formula:     C98H138N24O33
CAS No.:     128270-60-0
Description of Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate:
Appearance :White powder
Water Content(Karl Fischer) :≤5.0%
Trifluoroacetate Content(by HPLC) :≤12.0%
Amino Acid Composition :±10% of theoretical
Purity (by HPLC) :≥98.0%
Single Impurity(by HPLC) :≤1.0%
Peptide Content(by %N ) :≥80%
Assay(By Anhydrous, Acetic Acid-free ) :95.0~105.0%
Bacterial Endotoxins :≤5EU/mg

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is the simplest stable perfluorinated carboxylic acid chemical compound, with the formula CF3CO2H. It is a strong carboxylic acid due to the influence of the electronegative trifluoromethyl group. TFA is almost 100,000-fold more acidic than acetic acid. TFA is widely used in organic chemistry. TFA occurs naturally in sea water, but only in small concentrations (<200 ng/L). Therefore, TFA is prepared industrially by the electrofluorination of acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride.

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Knowledge Related to Oleicacid Butyl Ester

Oleicacid butyl ester is a kind of light yellow transparant  liquid .It is soluble in organic solvents such as ketone, ether, benzene and chloroform but insoluble in water. It is used in plasticiser and stabilizing agent in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is heat-resisting and weather resisting.

Description of Oleicacid Butyl Ester:

Formula: C22H42O2
Molecular Weight: 338.568 g/mol
CAS-RN: 142-77-8
EINECS: 205-559-6 EINECS

Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colourless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. In chemical terms, oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. It has the formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH.[2] The term "oleic" means related to, or derived from, oil or olive, the oil of which is predominantly derived from oleic acid.


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The Production of High-purity Tin

The high purity tin generally refers to the purity of more than 99.999 percent tin, it is widely used in semiconductors, superconducting materials, and engineering physics department. Production of high purity tin general with a common refined tin raw material, the method of production of electrolytic purification method, the electrolysis of a vacuum volatile purification and electrolysis zone melting purification method of three.

CAS No.:7440-31-5

Molecular Formula: Sn

Melting point: 231.89 ℃

Boiling point: 2507 ℃

Production of high purity tin began in 5O years of the 2O century. The Soviet Union in the early 6O's power of dissolving a chemical purification of an electrolytic regional melting method to produce high-purity tin, 197O improved vacuum volatile electrolysis region melting. In 1969, China began producing high-purity tin, the first electric solution, and later changed to the purification method of electrolysis a vacuum volatile. Zone melting recrystallization method to produce high-purity tin.

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Very Simple Information Related to α2-FDP ELISA Kit

Product name:α2-FDP ELISA  Kit

Specification:96Test

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA kits: It is the most widely used enzyme immunoassay technology. Its basic approach is a known antigen or antibody adsorbed on the solid phase carrier (polystyrene micro-plate) the surface of the enzyme-labeled antigen-antibody reaction in the solid phase surface, washing liquid in the free ingredients wash in addition to the commonly used ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, double antibody sandwich method and indirect method, with the former in detect macromolecules antigen, which is used for determination of specific antibodies.

The specimen must be a liquid, without precipitation. Including serum, plasma, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, cell culture supernatants, tissue homogenates. 1 ml of whole blood can be obtained 0.5ml of serum or plasma. Each sample volume collected volume = 100ul × test species. Drawn prior to the sales staff to ask for instructions.

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