Zirconia Ceramic is a ceramic material consisting of at least 90% of Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2). Zirconium Oxide is produced from natural minerals such as Baddeleyite (zirconium oxide) or zirconium silicate sand. Pure zirconia changes its crystal structure depending on the temperature: At temperatures below 2138 ºF (1170 ºC) zirconia exists in monoclinic form. At the temperature 2138 ºF (1170 ºC) monoclinic structure transforms to tetragonal form which is stable up to 4300 ºF (2370 ºC).
Tetragonal crystal structure transforms to cubic structure at 4300 ºF (2370 ºC).
Zirconia's structure transformations are accompanied by volume changes which may cause cracking if cooling/heating is rapid and allow to stabilize either cubic or tetragonal structure of the material at any temperature.
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