Pyronaridine tetra-phosphate is a common antimalarial agent that has been found to enhance the antitumor activity of doxorubicin against multidrug-resistant cancers K562/A02 and MCF-7/ADR. Pyronaridine is an antimalarial drug. It was first synthesized in 1970 and has been in clinical use in China since the 1980s. A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry or ecology. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. At elevated temperatures in the solid state, phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates.
The study was part of the clical trials involving 184 symptomatic, malaria-infected African patients (96 adults and 88 children between 5 and 15 years of age) in Yaoundé, Camer~on.~.~ Patients were treated with either 25 mgkg of chloroquine phosphate (n = 93; 10 mgkg on days O and 1 and 5 mgkg on day 2) or 32 mgkg of pyronaridine tetra- phosphate (n = 91; 16 mgkg on day O in two divided doses and 8 mgkg on days 1 and 2) after informed consent was obtained from the patients or their guardians. The study was approved by the Cameroonian National Ethics Committee. Giemsa-stained thick blood smear was examined for the de- tection and quantification of gametocytes. The clinical conditions and asexual parasitemia were monitored on days O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 on an out-patient basis. Because of the slower developmental rate of gametocytes (8-10 days), compared with the 48-hr cycle of P. falciparum asexual erythrocytic forms: gametocyte count was monitored on days O, 3, 7, and 14. Gametocytes were counted against 3,000 white blood cells, and gametocyte density was determined from the white blood cell count and expressed as the number of gametocyfes/pl of blood.
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