The functions about Enoxaparin Sodium

Enoxaparin Sodium is a low molecular weight heparin marketed under the trade names Lovenox, Xaparin and Clexane, among others. It is an anticoagulant used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and is given as a subcutaneous injection (by a health care provider or the patient). Its use is evolving in acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
Enoxaparin Sodium is manufactured by Sanofi and is derived from the intestinal mucosa of pigs.
Enoxaparin Sodium injection, USP is a low molecular weight heparin [LMWH] indicated for:
Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in abdominal surgery, hip replacement surgery, knee replacement surgery, or medical patients with severely restricted mobility during acute illness.
Inpatient treatment of acute DVT with or without pulmonary embolism
Outpatient treatment of acute DVT without pulmonary embolism. 
Prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction MI
Treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction STEMI managed medically or with subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention PCI

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What beneftis the Bifidobacterium bifidum has?

Bifidobacterium bifidum is  a beneficial kind of bacteria. Probiotics live inside the body, mainly in the gastrointestinal system. These good bacteria promote healthy digestion, strengthen the immune system, and work to eliminate harmful and unhealthy bacteria from the body. Low levels of probiotics in the intestines can result in many unpleasant symptoms such as abdominal bloating and cramps, yeast infections, and food sensitivities. Bifidobacterium bifidumcan be added to the diet through the use of supplements or the consumption of yogurt containing live culture.
Bifidobacterium bifidum is one of many bacteria found in the human body. The digestive system is home to an estimated 500 different species of bacteria, including members of the Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroids families. In addition to these good bacteria, the human gut flora also includes a number of strains of yeast or fungi. Although the largest population of Bifidobacterium bifidum is located in the digestive system, lesser amounts are also found in the mouth, breast milk, and the vagina. Bifidobacterium bifidum known as B. bifidum, is a strain of bacteria commonly used as a probiotic. Probiotics are living microorganisms that simulate the beneficial bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. B. bifidum is one of many bacterial strains that occur naturally in the gut flora, living in the colon. The inclusion of B. bifidum in a dietary regimen provides the host with a variety of benefits.
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The useful and delicious Cocoa powder

Cocoa powder crushed from the beans of the tropical American cacao tree, and the hot drink made from it. The beans are fermented, dried, roasted and turned into a thick paste, from which the fat (cocoa butter) is removed. The mixture is then ground. There is also a ‘Dutch-processed’ variety, which is made from beans treated with a potassium solution that neutralises their acidity and gives them a milder flavour.

Natural Unsweetened Cocoa powder tastes very bitter and gives a deep chocolate flavor to baked goods.  Its intense flavor makes it well suited for use in brownies, cookies and some chocolate cakes.  When natural cocoa (an acid) is used in recipes calling for baking soda (an alkali), it creates a leavening action that causes the batter to rise when placed in the oven.  Popular brands are Hershey's, Ghirardelli, and Scharffen Berger. Cocoa powder is made when chocolate liquor is pressed to remove three quarters of its cocoa butter.  The remaining cocoa solids are processed to make fine unsweetened cocoa powder.   There are two types of unsweetened cocoa powder: natural and Dutch-processed.

Cocoa powder used alone in cakes, cocoa powder imparts a full rich chocolate flavor and dark color.  Cocoa powder can also be used in recipes with other chocolates (unsweetened or dark) and this combination produces a cake with a more intense chocolate flavor than if the cocoa wasn't present.   Most recipes call for sifting the cocoa powder with the flour but to bring out its full flavor it can be combined with a small amount of boiling water.  (If you want to try this in a recipe, substitute some of the liquid in the recipe for boiling water.)  Often times, you may notice that more butter and leavening agent are used in recipes containing cocoa powder.  This is to offset cocoa powder's drying and strengthening affect in cakes.  There are two types of unsweetened cocoa powder: natural and Dutch-processed and it is best to use the type specified in the recipe as the leavening agent used is dependent on the type of cocoa powder.   Some prefer using Dutch-processed cocoa as a slight bitterness may be tasted in cakes using natural cocoa and baking soda.

Cocoa solids are the low-fat component of chocolate. When sold as an end product, it may also be called Cocoa powder, cocoa, and cacao. In contrast, the fatty component of chocolate is cocoa butter. Cocoa butter is 50% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa liquor is the melted combination of cocoa butter and cocoa solids. Cocoa solids are obtained by extraction from the cocoa bean. Cocoa powder is rich in flavonoids, a type of phenolic. The amount of flavonoids depends on the amount of processing and manufacturing the cocoa powder undergoes, but cocoa powder can contain up to 10% its weight in flavonoids. Flavanols are one of six compounds further classified as flavonoids. Flavanols, which are also found in fruits and vegetables, are linked to certain health benefits linked to coronary heart disease and stroke. The topic of how flavanols benefit cardiovascular health is still under debate. It has been suggested that the flavanols may take part in mechanisms such as nitric oxide and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects. Benefiting these mechanisms may improve endothelial function, lipid levels, blood pressure and insulin resistance。

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The benefits about Streptococcus thermophilus

Streptococcus thermophilus is a Gram-positive bacterium which is also classified as a lactic acid bacterium. It is often found in fermented milk products such as yoghurt, cheeses and milk drinks. It is just one of the many beneficial bacteria that is added to food and drinks to enhance a person’s immune system functions and to help keep a healthy colon too. The ability of Streptococcus thermophilus to survive is simple, it has a thick cell wall that can help survive in extreme temperatures. Dairy products are heated for processing up to 100 degrees Celsius and these bacteria can withstand these extremes in temperature very well.

Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most commercially important of all lactic acid bacteria。Streptococcus thermophilus is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe. It is a cytochrome-, oxidase- and catalase-negative organism that is nonmotile, non-spore forming and homofermentative. Streptococcus thermophilus is an alpha-hemolytic species of the viridans group. It is also classified as a lactic acid bacteria (LAB).  S. thermophilus is physiologically and biochemically less versatile than other lactic acid bacteria, the reality is that this organism is actually very versatile. Research during the past two decades has revealed that S. thermophilus has properties that make it one of the most commercially important of all lactic acid bacteria. Streptococcus thermophilus is used, along with Lactobacillus spp., as a starter culture for the manufacture of several important fermented dairy foods, including yogurt and Mozzarella cheese.

Streptococcus thermophilus is an essential lactic acid bacterium used for commercial purposes, which includes the production of milk, cheese, and other dairy products. This organism is a thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium with an optimal growth rate at 45 °C. It is also capable of generating energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), by aerobic respiration with the presence of oxygen; however, without the presence of oxygen, it still can produce ATP through fermentation. S. thermophilus lacks cytochrome, oxidase, and catalase enzymes. It does not have motility and it does not form spores. Although S. thermophilus is closely related to other pathogenic streptococci (such as S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes), S. thermophilus is classified as a non-pathogenic, alpha-hemolytic species that is part of the viridians group. The increasing consumer need for dairy products and booming manufacture of dairy products  led to the investigation and sequencing of S. thermophilus.

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What benefts the Bifidobacterium bifidum has?

Bifidobacterium bifidum is  a beneficial kind of bacteria. Probiotics live inside the body, mainly in the gastrointestinal system. These good bacteria promote healthy digestion, strengthen the immune system, and work to eliminate harmful and unhealthy bacteria from the body. Low levels of probiotics in the intestines can result in many unpleasant symptoms such as abdominal bloating and cramps, yeast infections, and food sensitivities. Bifidobacterium bifidumcan be added to the diet through the use of supplements or the consumption of yogurt containing live culture.

Bifidobacterium bifidum is one of many bacteria found in the human body. The digestive system is home to an estimated 500 different species of bacteria, including members of the Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroids families. In addition to these good bacteria, the human gut flora also includes a number of strains of yeast or fungi. Although the largest population of Bifidobacterium bifidum is located in the digestive system, lesser amounts are also found in the mouth, breast milk, and the vagina. Bifidobacterium bifidum known as B. bifidum, is a strain of bacteria commonly used as a probiotic. Probiotics are living microorganisms that simulate the beneficial bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. B. bifidum is one of many bacterial strains that occur naturally in the gut flora, living in the colon. The inclusion of B. bifidum in a dietary regimen provides the host with a variety of benefits.

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The properties about Benz[a]anthracene

Benz[a]anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C18H12.
Name:  Benz[a]anthracene
Chemical Formula:  C18H12
CAS Number:  56-55-3
Synonyms:  Benzanthracene;Benzanthrene;Benzoanthracene;Benzo[a]anthracene; Benzo[b]phenanthrene;Tetraphene;1,2-Benzanthracene;1,2-Benzanthrene;1,2-Benzoanthracene; 1,2-Benz[a]anthracene;2,3-Benzophenanthrene; BA;Naphthanthracene;1,2-Benzanthrazen; 2,3-Benzphenanthrene;Rcra waste number U018
Appearance:  solid
Melting Point:  158 C
Boiling Point:  438 C
Stability:  Benz[a]anthracene  is Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Molecular Weight:  228.2879
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Enoxaparin Sodium prevents DVT

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Enoxaparin Sodium is obtained by alkaline depolymerization of heparin benzyl ester derived from porcine intestinal mucosa. Enoxaparin Sodium structure is characterized by a 2-O-sulfo-4-enepyranosuronic acid group at the non-reducing end and a 2-N,6-O-disulfo-D-glucosamine at the reducing end of the chain. About 20% (ranging between 15% and 25%) of the enoxaparin structure contains an 1,6 anhydro derivative on the reducing end of the polysaccharide chain. The drug substance is the sodium salt.

Enoxaparin Sodium  can prevent DVT, a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body, especially in the lower leg or thigh. Preventing these blood clots can prevent a pulmonary embolism, which is a sudden, potentially fatal, blockage in a lung artery that can occur if the blood clot breaks free and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs.

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